[6]

Drawing Usable Electrical Power from the Aurora Borealis

by Gerry Vassilatos

Introduction • Lightning Rods • Aerial Batteries • Electrical Skies • Active Auroral Zone • Myths of the Eskimo • Auroral Sounds • Mountain Glow • Searchlight Phenomena • Auroral Impulse • Descending Columns • Auroral Fogs • Auroral Sensations • Walking Auroras • Karl Selim Lemström • Jet Modulator • Amplifier • Induction • Power Management • Contact • Powerpoint

"Swift chases through the silent slipp'ry wind,
in transient moods of soft and perfumed light.
Resplendent in a gown of gossamer,
Aurora sighs, and lights her lamps again tonight."

IN two previous articles we have chronicled somewhat of the history and development of "earth batteries". But an equally fascinating, though oppositely directed study, involves the historical development of the "aerial battery". This remarkable invention, along with her earth-bound brother, also occupies a thoroughly extensive bibliography.

Certainly, the Aerial Battery merits an in-depth account of its noteworthy achievements. But her fair origins do not begin with the study of electricity, or indeed the past millennium. Facts which indicate the easily accessible Auroral Energy are plentiful. The road toward properly comprehending the technological regime which could make use of that unfathomable energy requires a slight historical digression.

Throughout this article, we will present evidence that the Aurora not only has sufficient power to drive the grinding wheels of industry, but has already demonstrated its ability to do so in several remarkable, but forgotten, experimental episodes of the last Century. We will present theoretical projections, considerations which support the notion that energy may be obtained from the Aurora Borealis in stupendous quantities.

A discussion of the practical requirements toward this goal, along with the fundamental components necessary toward constructing an Auroral Power Accumulator will be shared. In addition, we will give strong evidence that certain contemporary projects, stationed in the Active Auroral Zone, are already testing such components.

Lightning Rods

It was the preoccupation with certain deadly "electrical" currents which spawned our present technology. The subsequent electrical science produced a simple tautology which has kept society helplessly bound to itself. The dependence on electrical machines to drive all of our industry, and the social addiction to electrical power, are only two aspects of this threefold cord. The third strand in the intolerable tide is that which closes the minds of experimenters to the great host of pre-electrical energies, the very deepest bondage of all.

Having thus set the world-stage for a new power demand, inventors began everywhere to investigate and develop new electrical generators, new electric modalities, and electric utilities. As the demand for greater and greater electrical power increased with the year, certain more intuitive minds began casting their scientific attentions toward Nature, in hopes of deriving a more direct electrical source from the more environmental energy reservoirs. The "free electrical energy", so obviously plentiful throughout Nature, removed the necessity for burning endless supplies of fossil fuel. The financial motivations contributing to the pursuit of these objectives was so alluring, so compelling, that a group of inspired researchers began to search out those natural haunts where electrical energies were most strongly manifest.

The discovery that an elevated terminal could produce endless sparks spawned the first inventive wave of what later became known to patentees as "Aerial Batteries". The development of aerial batteries, more properly categorized as "aerial receivers" of natural electricity, began with the development of lightning rods and lightning protection systems.

For pioneers and settlers in the New World, lightning was a deadly threat. The opening of western lands in America promoted a veritable market in Lightning Rods, a fact which was humorously treated in a short story by Herman Melville entitled, The Lightning Rod Man. Toward the solution to this problem, a great many American inventors turned their prodigious skills.

Lightning Rod patents flood the patent archives, a magnificent assortment of remarkable designs. Recall that the sealing of these designs by patent were first predicated on the operative success of each system. Before such designs received official license for manufacture, each had to be tested in a "live" setting. Each such design had to prove its effectiveness in protecting against the rogue behaviors of lightning discharges. A grand variety of remarkable lightning rods were tested through the roughest of storm conditions, an awe-inspiring method.

This meant that each prospective design had to be tested in some appropriate location, the results witnessed by officials. Heavy wooden blocks formed the lightning rod test mounts, each design well placed on the tops of ridges or rocky peaks. Storms gathered, a shower of lightning blasts assailed the mount, and the shrapnel of inferior rods were tossed aside. The method was direct enough. Only those capable of withstanding the blast were granted patent.

On occasion, certain lightning rod inventors found that their designs, and the systems to which they were connected, remained curiously "charged". One particular inventor, J. S. Bryan, developed and patented a series of both "aerial" and "earth" batteries in this regard. Careful examination of his working patents reveals a host of anomalies. The patent texts describe electrical [7] charging phenomena which remain as yet, unknown in the science of electrodynamics. His use of magnetic induction coils, in the reception and transformation of ground-derived currents, is completely unfamiliar.

Patents such as those of Bryan helped stimulate awareness of the numerous different electrical power potentials throughout the natural environment. Being passive accumulators, these systems relied on the surplus of natural electrical reservoirs for their supply.

Aerial Batteries

The early wireless experimenter, Dr. Mahlon Loomis, proved it possible to exchange telegraphic signals across twenty miles of mountainous space, entirely without artificial electrical supply (1862). Dr. Loomis conceived of an upper electrical stratum which bathed the stratosphere, a theoretical view which was based on the work of Franklin. Utilizing the free electrical potentials which were available in the upper aerial strata, Loomis proved the wireless exchange of signals "by aerial conduction" alone.

While this view of Loomis offered explanation for many aerial electric phenomena, it was later found that the presence of electrical currents was not limited to upper atmospheric regions. The work of several experimenters proved that electric currents flooded every part of the aerial stratum immediately above the ground. In this regard, many individuals began discovering that power, tremendous power, could be obtained by the use of special "electrical collectors". The inventors of aerial collectors each empirically discovered easily exploited phenomena by which it was possible to draw electricity from the environment. Various systems for the methodic accumulation and storage of the "atmospheric current" are represented in the patent archives (Vril Compendium Volume 1).

The "Electric Apparatus" of H.C. Vion (1860) precedes the work of Loomis by several years. This system obtained sufficient natural electricity for use in real Industrial Applications. His most powerful embodiments were exceedingly long metallic screens, well insulated from the mountain ridges on which they were placed. These screen collectors were interspersed by very tall metallic masts, also well insulated. Each were sharpened and placed so as to protrude into the mountain air. The electrical accumulators of Vion brought in a prodigious and dangerous supply of usable electric current. In his words, the system represented "an electrical pile of considerable strength".

A truly remarkable device, perfected and patented by W. H. Ward (1872), realized an atmospheric discovery of enormous importance. Taking the bizarre form of a very large funnel-like turret, the Ward towers were placed atop very tall mountain ridges. The entire upper portion of each such turret was designed to turn, and (as stated in the patent text) "intercept aerial currents of electricity". The Ward funnels engorged tremendous volumes of these natural electrified currents, which are apparently available in huge and unlimited quantities at high elevations.

In current terminology, we might refer to these natural electric currents as "cold ion currents", which in all likelihood accompany enormous aerial rivers of water vapor. Coursing every second above us, these vaporous rivers of charge represent a far better energy potential than wind power alone. The Ward system was used to supply power for telegraphic and telephonic systems, and proves the existence of previously unsuspected electrical rivers. Coursing through the natural environment just at or above sea level, they represent yet another untapped reservoir of natural electricity.

M. Dewey (1889) raised a very tall wooden mast, fitted with a large and multi-spiked capacitor hood. Dewey also employed radioactive minerals to lessen the required absorptive potentials of his absorber. With this tower, in fair weather, he drew off sufficient electrical power to run motors and charge storage batteries.

Dr. M. A. Veeder, a scientific investigator, spent the better part of half a century correlating terrestrial charge processes directly with the solar condition. His numerous works, favored by Tesla, detailed the high correlations between solar activity and thunderstorms. Veeder understood that the geophysical process, through which both fair and foul weather electrostatic energy was developed, was therefore directly linked with Auroral conditions.

Dr. Veeder inferred that solar charging of the earth occurred at the poles, and once absorbed into the rocky matter of earth, was literally leaked away through the atmosphere into space. He studied the Zodiacal Glow, the persistent luminosity which he believed was the escaping terrestrial charge. Therefore, in this view, Aerial Accumulators relied on Auroral activity; a process which was entirely dependent on inflowing solar charges.

Absorbed and conducted throughout the earth, any well-grounded elevated capacity would flow with energy. The problem was how to use this electrostatic energy. Charging capacitors and storage batteries became the modality of choice. Others discovered truly anomalous transforming principles in this regard, the static influx being found capable of operating transformers.

Later accumulator designs utilized metallic-studded balloons, apparatus capable of bringing in a very powerful surge of aerial current (Palinscar 1901, Pennock 1909). These extremely elevated accumulators actually required lightning arresters to limit their sudden "fair weather" surges. The Plausen aerial accumulator featured a special capacitance transformer, where flowing dielectricity was systematically converted into ponderable electric charges. This system was designed to charge large storage batteries and otherwise supply power for industrial applications.

There is repetitious proof that aerial accumulators comprise an enormous historical bibliography, and have a great number of recent invention entries. Despite their overwhelming success in providing significant quantities of electrical power, the aerial accumulators were systems whose true potentials were never fully appreciated or realized in their day. Some analysts have pointed out that these accumulators required large system volumes in order to yield their output minimum. Proportional increases in system volume therefore produce a somewhat fixed power output.

Turn of the Century passive aerial accumulators demonstrated their worth as viable electrical sources for industry. Their spartan and environmentally coupled placement offers no more inconvenience to planners than the large and costly requirements of solar mirror arrays yet being tested. Indeed, most aerial accumulators were capable of producing steady power outputs, with peak outputs above those obtained from modern photovoltaic systems. It is because of their constant power output that these accumulators are yet easily able to exceed the dismal potential of any large solar panel array.

A continuing number of experimenters have used simple [8] variations of these "passive" aerial accumulator designs to obtain enormous volumes of free electrical charge throughout the last four decades. So much excess "fair weather" power was obtained from a Swiss Alpine grid assembly, that sudden surges of energy often discharged from the main conductor bus. An unexpected power surge tragically killed one of the principle designers of this system.

If we yet consider aerial electrostatic accumulators, we will find a forgotten power source ready for use. Indeed, for industrial applications such systems have more than proven their tremendous efficiency. Demonstrations of these systems before highly credible academic witnesses have always produced spectacularly successful results.

It was through the arduous labors of private experimenters that these wonderful developments have been fixed in history. They leave their legacy throughout the last one hundred years of patent registrations. But, the wonderful developments and patents in this research realm do not adequately represent the final and most stunning technical feat. Indeed, a mysterious and unexpected regime of high-power accumulator systems subsequently emerged from the work of those who perfected passive accumulator experiments. The stunning feats, which we must now recount, were the result of exotic explorations in aerial accumulators . . . in trans-Arctic regions.

Electrical Skies

Those who began their work in electrostatic accumulators first probed the sky from mountain series, the most likely place to intercept "aerial electricity". Loomis theorized the existence of an "atmospheric charge ocean" on the simple evidence provided by the most ordinary observation. It was clear that the sky was awash in electrical energy. Observations with gold-leaf electroscopes proved the existence of potent electrostatic fields even in fair weather.

As Galvani had described, experimenters observed the complete reversal of charges and fields during stormy-conditions, a phenomenon which was interpreted as evidence of vital energy concentrations and dispersions by Dr. Galvani. The high alpine placement of accumulating screens and wire grids revealed the powerful persistence of stratospheric charge rivers, vaporous charge currents which betrayed their otherwise secret passage at much lower elevations.

But the intriguing facts concerning high alpine conditions gave promise that aerial accumulator stations would soon relieve regional industrial power burdens, possibly in place of some hydroelectric generators. In this view, several prominent developers selected mountain precipices and alpine ridges and discovered the secrets of "aerial electrical rivers". Obtaining great advantage over the low altitude apparatus of previous experimenters, these developers successfully harvested enough power to run small mills, as well as telegraph and telephone systems.

This experimental foray had its participants scattered in a wide world distribution. A few European experimenters made an astounding discovery when their systems were placed, not only at high elevations, but in higher latitude locations. The combination of these two factors gave exponential magnifications of accumulated power, far in excess of that expected by the simple arithmetic volume increase of the tested systems.

When placed in the alpine elevations of trans-Arctic lands, the new aerial accumulators literally dwarfed the outputs of all previous recorded power potentials. Making power comparisons of these high altitude systems, both European and North American experimenters realized that the exponential power increase was directly proportional to North Polar proximity. There was little argumentation concerning the true source of electrical power in these locales. In the cold northern nights, the mysterious empowering agency was everywhere to be seen.

"It seemed to me as if the very doors of heaven have been opened tonight. So mighty, and beauteous, and marvelous were the waves of golden light that a few moments ago swept across the azure deep, breaking forth anon into floods of wondrous glory . . . THE WORLD IS ON FIRE!"

While off the coast of Baffin Island in 1861, explorer Charles Francis Hall exclaimed these very words. The penetrating effect of the Aurora Borealis rarely failed to shake the most hardened adventurer into soaring and lovely poetic flights. Those who visited the regions of night were not strong enough to resist the majestic beauty and eternal voice of the Aurora, even against the severe warnings of their Eskimo guides. While European adventurers remained thoroughly awestruck at the sight of the mystifying aerial displays, Eskimo elders warned their white visitors to beware of the tempting luminous presence. But why? What did the Eskimo so fear? We will see that the fears of the Eskimo have greatest bearing on our present scientific discussion, a surprising key toward comprehending certain modem technological developments.

Active Auroral Zone

"The dance unfurls in violet rhapsodies,
now swift, her veil'd replies in red and gold,
whilst singing crystal stars of white attend
upon aeonian harps, the hymns of old."

The Aurora has spoken deep into the hearts of each of its [9] enthralled witnesses. But the people who are known as the Gwichin clan do not wonder over the lights with equal naive fascination as did their European visitors. The Gwichin, who live in the Canadian Northwest Territory, do not perceive beauty, wonder, or glory in the Auroral lights. They yet perceive death in the Aurora. Closer attention to the words of the aged and well-experienced Inuit clansmen brings startling scientific realizations from ancient legendary. The account, while forming the core of countless anthropological theses, brought certain Nineteenth Century Europeans ever toward the Polar wastelands with specific scientific intentions. For the most northern wanderers, time flows along with few fixed mileposts. Ice flows, seas flow, fish and seals flow, and the Aurora flows. In the barren Northern landscape of snow, ice, and water, there are no other portents save those which ripple across the sky.

Eskimo tribes of the far north, those who hunted nearly as far as the Pole itself, had fewer apprehensions of the Auroral energies than their brethren below the Arctic Circle. But why had the Gwichin developed a mythology which so feared and abhorred the Aurora? How did the aerial rivers of light, which Inuit clans to the further north honor as "sacred roads", become in the Northwest territory the very embodiment of evil? What so separated the mythological themes of these related peoples?

Clans such as the Gwichin, who occupied lands within the Active Auroral Zone, have long known that the Aurora represents a hazard of the most alien and awesome kind. Among their traditional mythologies and habits, one finds ample evidence that the Aurora itself with too great regularity, literally touches and "walks along" the earth. In this fact alone, we comprehend the preoccupation of geophysical research teams who frequent these lands. This pattern of danger becomes increasingly clarified, especially when we consider the myths of clans like the Gwichin.

Perhaps the difference in mythologies has much to do with the behavior of the Aurora Borealis along and above the Arctic Circle. The mappable band, which runs around the North Magnetic Pole, is the peak power Auroral Zone. Along this track, one experiences the most powerful Auroral expressions, manifestations which occur on a continual basis throughout the year. Therefore we find that, further north, the Aurora loses its fearsome aspects. The mythology of the Eskimo who frequent these regions clearly reflect this benign nature. For the Pole-wandering Inuit the Aurora is, with the exception of a few rare "horror tales", an oracle of divination which they regularly observe and enjoy.

Myths of the Eskimo

"She sweeps, with cunning envies and deceits,
well cloaked. In glowering sweet and flimmering guise,
she mocks the rose in shades of rosy dawn,
and steals the love of lovers from their eyes."

Inuit clans who occupy the Active Auroral Zone are those who experience the most powerful Auroral manifestations. They are the ones who especially avoid the lights for good reason. As often as severe Auroral displays occur, these people retreat into the safety of their huts, and do not venture out unless the lights diminish considerably in strength. Have Auroral columns indeed, in their hideous power, literally "walked along the ground"?

European interpreters thought the notion of a ground-walking Auroral stream quite imaginary and mythological, until they visited the alpine lands which lie just on the Arctic Circle. Certain Inuit legends of this defined Auroral zone clearly tell a tale of fear: "When the Aurora falls, when it runs close to man, the mind goes mad."

"Once there was a young boy who whistled down the lights . . . and was driven insane when he was suddenly surrounded by the bright, dancing evil spirits from the sky."

Those unfortunates who are "caught by the light", often lose their minds. In the warnings of Inuit elders, some captives of the Aurora do not regain their sanity. In other accounts, clan members have been known to lose their eyesight "when approached and touched by the walking lights". Yet others become permanently paralyzed by identical encounters.

So distinct are these latitude restricted myths that we take note of the most extreme variety: myths which have a singularly macabre theme. Gwichin elders warn children "never to entertain the tempting lights . . . do not sing or whistle to them . . . be silent; be swift run and hide . . . lest they come down after you". If these Inuit myths abound, very precisely describing the manner in which Auroral columns are attracted to song and melody, with hideous consequences for those who successfully attract them.

The real instances, where clan members are "caught by the evil spirit lights" and abducted, describe grisly scenarios. The Gwichin tell of those who have been suddenly surrounded with "the evil flickering spirits", and who are later found in the snow, burned to cinders. In these stories of history, the elders retell actual events in which the Aurora literally touched ground and flowed without [10] restriction. The warnings inherent in the tales are not simply to frighten but are intended to instruct. Apparently, Gwichin clan members have experienced the full power of the ground walking Aurora.

Perhaps the most frightening of all the tales is the one whose theme tells the exact process of execution by which the evil spirits sadistically murder their lonely victims. The Eskimo stories are very clear about the manner in which unfortunate Auroral victims are "struck" and killed, a process by which victims are literally "decapitated" by the evil lights. These tales tell how the wandering Auroral spirits "suddenly strike their victims . . . bending them backward until they die". Once struck and bent backward, the victims are often incinerated, while the evil spirits "celebrate" the colored columns becoming brilliant in their intensity about the charred remains.

Grotesque and unscientific? Though clouded by centuries of superstitious retelling, each of these horror stories describes a reality with which we are completely unfamiliar. Their continuing story record tells of fatal Auroral encounters. How the "walking Aurora" has maimed and killed clan members throughout this century is a matter of great dread for the Gwichin, who have embellished these witnessed accounts with the ornaments of myth. The incidents which they recount provide the very heart of our discussion on Auroral Power.

Auroral Sounds

"False glances shimmer on the soaring sky,
in jealous green, or virtuous gold to play.
Now winsome sighs, then seized in passionate fires,
Aurora cloaks her cold desires, and turns away."

For those who find the Gwichin tales completely untenable, there stand the scores of "more credible" and "more European" witnesses which flood the literature. Local citizens and academicians alike have had dangerous Auroral encounters within the active Auroral zone, and provide a database which should hold greater esteem among our astringent academic readership. Once recognizing the sheer power involved in the displays, scientists manifested an intriguing psychopathy. So great is the apprehension of the experience that doubt becomes the only protective measure. But even these doubting projections of fear did not keep scientific observers from observing and even experiencing the phenomena represented in Inuit mythologies.

Truly awe inspiring accounts may be found throughout the scholarly scientific journals, accounts of instances when the Aurora literally "descended" and "wandered freely" in full view of credible witnesses. When such streamers reach just above or even into the ground in full view, the greatest sense of awe has left the watchers spellbound. These even are experienced in a very narrow latitude band, just symmetrically disposed about the Arctic Circle, and Gwichin lands fall into this zone where the Aurora flows.

According to the tales, the first manifestations of danger involve phenomena with which fretful academes so struggle. The "sound of the Aurora", a great puzzlement for most scientific theorists, especially forms a core of contention among those who claim the experience. It is in this manifestation that the potential power of the Aurora first becomes more tangible to human experience. The Aurora "sizzles . . . crackles . . . whispers . . .hisses . . . rustles".

Henri Becquerel (1871) presented evidence that Paul Rollier, a celebrated balloonist, indeed encountered an Auroral streamer while in the air. While descending toward Mount Ide in Norway, and yet at some 1300 meters above sea level, Rollier saw Auroral rays through a thin luminous mist. He then heard a "low roaring sound". Almost instantly, Rollier smelled "a suffocating sulfurous odor". The description indicates how narrowly Monsieur Rollier risked losing his life while passing through this deeply groundward penetrating Aurora.

Though highly credible observers have heard "a swishing sound" while observing highly mobile arrays of "dancing colored streamers" (1901), academicians have claimed these sounds to be a ridiculous assortment of confabulations. Citing the fact that Aurora occur at elevations of 100 kilometers, they miss the central fact that Auroral sounds occur simultaneously with the Auroral movements. This cannot, in their view, be an accurate assessment. But what this remarkable assertion actually represents is a misinterpreted discovery of great import, for the Auroras which produce these "instantaneous sounds" are therefore much closer to ground than most suppose. And if they are the result of physioelectric inductions, as some have theorized, then their intensity is all the greater — and more dangerous — at these proximities.

C.S. Beals, a geophysicist collected a great number of these accounts (1924). Researcher, Hans S. Jelstrup, along with his technician, noticed the faint whistling sounds of an Auroral display. The undulating whistles followed exactly those visual vibrations of the Aurora, the two scientific observers heard the sounds for a full ten minutes. In 1933, a group of explorers stopped the sleds on which they rode to watch a particularly beautiful and dense flowing Auroral display. While intently gazing on the powerful aerial spectacle in a two thousand foot mountain valley, the whole party distinctly heard the jet-like sounds of each Auroral surge. At times, the smooth jet sounds gave way to a distinct "crackling". Numerous such accounts till the journals, and are certainly not the sole proof that the Aurora can induce enormously energetic responses in the earth beneath them.

Mountain Glow

Those who study the geophysics of ground-induced currents have long recognized that Auroral surges can produce sizable magnetic, electrostatic, and electrodynamic disturbances in sufficiently conductive ground bodies. Measurement of induced geomagnetic fluctuations were early observed, especially by mariners. The inductive strength of supposed ephemeral sky light displays was clearly demonstrated, as they watched the wild movements of their magnetic compasses during Auroral storms. Physicists understood early that Auroral currents fluctuated in tremendous magnetic energy. Any supposed ephemeral light which was able to derange a marine compass at sea level had to carry tremendous energy.

But the Aurora has also induced electrical currents in telegraph and telephone lines, the result of magnetic inductions. Telegraph operators of the mid-to-late Nineteenth Century observed the induction of strong electrical surges in lines which were disposed along east-west orientations. As only very small electrical surges were observed in the lines of north-south orientation, it was [11] concluded that the Auroral induction effect in these wires was purely magnetic in nature. This phenomenon gave rise to increasing induced electrical strengths with proximity to the Auroral Active Zone. The subsequent literal electrocution of certain telegraph operators during Auroral storms was yet another evidence that the Auroral lights contained tremendous power. Certain inventors sought patents on schemes whereby such induction energy could be harnessed. The single requirement of each system was placement within the Auroral Active Zone.

There have been numerous contemporary instances where the flickering Aurora has induced electrical currents of an extreme order. The Alaskan Pipeline was carefully designed to withstand the potential Kiloampere currents which have been measured during Auroral events within the Active Zone. The careful welding of each pipe determined the overall safety of those working near the lines. It was well known that potential spark-induced explosions of flowing oil could occur if these welds sustained even small inconsistencies or breaks. In consideration of these energetic extremes, even electrical power-lines within the Active Zone are carefully designed to withstand the peak surges which are legendary in those northern regions. Engineers have measured these incredible surges, the result of magneto-induction effect along east-west power-line sections.

But there are those effects which exceed even these magneto-induction currents, effects which are entirely electrostatic in nature. The more conventionally astute scientific models do not admit the possibility that Auroral pressures can induce or evoke powerful responses from the grounds beneath their active focus. Nevertheless, strong and mysterious luminal displays have been observed from the ground and upward toward the Auroral lights.

Most of the phenomena to which we call attention are often observed on highly elevated mountain ranges, and are especially observed upon those rocky peaks which lie in the extreme north or southern regions of the world. The reports hail from both the Central Alps of Europe, as well as the highest ridges of the Andes. Witnessed with respect to the Aurora are the strange "mountain glows" and "searchlight" displays which rise to meet the faintly downward thrusting Aurora. A familiar, but misunderstood phenomenon in these regions, there are those who would strongly suggest that these upward light discharges cannot possibly be the result of Auroral induction effects. Yet the facts stand, the observations of credible witnesses have consistently confirmed the effects.

The effects of thrusting Auroral energy produce luminous effects everywhere on earth. Indeed, there are sometimes strong "mountain glow" phenomena in locations which stretch away from the Active Zone, a violation of the expected rule.

Searchlight Phenomena

"Now whirling through a shimm‘ring curtained sea,
in vap'rous throes, her lustrous curving wing
enrages thunders and capricious glares;
lets drip a fiery jewel instead, from off her ring."

Mountain glow represents a more persistent charging of the ground, while searchlight phenomena represent the more sudden or impulsive discharges which the earth yields to downward Auroral thrusts. It is not difficult to understand that Auroral surges represent an energetic addition to the geophysical energy balance. Downward Auroral thrusts not only influence the prevalent free charges in the ground, but they gradually seep into the rocky earth as a result of atmospheric ionizations.

Being a process, engaged since the atmosphere was formed, it is not also inconceivable that the total energetic sum of the terrestrial reservoir is constantly being increased with each Auroral thrust. The charge reservoir within the ground behaves with the Auroral electrostatic influences exactly as it does during lightning storms. In cases where the mountain glow is observed in absolutely clear night skies, one is otherwise hard-pressed to imagine a better explanation. These mountain glows represent the distant, possibly world-extensive response, to charge supplying Auroral thrusts which occur in Active Zones near each pole.

The Auroras, themselves, therefore need not be literally seen in all cases, although a great many such events do record faint whitish streaks across the sky. Mountains thus energized often "burst" with glowing electrical currents. These can produce "Searchlight" displays or produce considerable discomfort and fear among climbing expeditions.

Undulating "searchlight columns" have been seen emerging from mountains on Spitzbergen island, despite the crystal clarity of night (1868). The pale wandering light "Heated along the mountain". Mount Galena, in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland, became suddenly illuminated with an intense phosphorescent light. Flashes of varying colored light were seen by mountain climbers on the Swiss Alps (1903). The upward column of light shuddered without thunder, and "greatly resembled the Aurora Borealis". No Aurora was actually seen overhead.

On the same mountain range, the "quivering column of light" [12] was seen again (1911). Observers declared its attributes in every way identical with the Aurora Borealis which had been "observed in Scotland". The observers actually stated surprise at this manifestation at a much lower latitude. But how far toward the equator can the Aurora induce an upward streamer?

In 1929, light flares were observed on Pike's Peak, in Colorado. In Massachusetts, Mount Wachusett became completely covered with a violet glow (1937). Tingling sensations were strongly felt during the manifestation.

The historical records tell of instances in which the downthrusting Auroral agency is seen, and the response from earth toward the heavens becomes equally visible. Thus when a brilliant green Auroral Arch reached down across the horizon, several persons witnessed an accompanying green glow which "rose up from Mount Adams". This event occurred in New Hampshire, a region which lies to the far south of the Active Zone, but which nonetheless has occasionally been witness to the Auroral streamers (1941).

These bursting phenomena occur in latitudes which some imagine are too far from either Pole to be caused by Auroral surges. Nevertheless, there are repetitious observances of strong searchlights emerging from the Andean Range.

Despite the clarity of night skies in the Andes, and in the absolute absence of cloud cover there, several witnesses observed an astoundingly intense searchlight manifestation. They reported "tall fiery columns shooting skyward from a great number of peaks" (1906). The effect occurred "in bursts . . . greatly resembling the beams of a great searchlight". The colors varied during the display, shifting from green to yellow, and (on rare occasions) to red.

The identical phenomenon has been repeatedly observed (1912), and reaches great strengths. This color shift seems to indicate the presence of undetected Auroral activity. The Andean manifestation of Auroral induction effects is undoubtedly a phenomenon which, though largely unobserved and unreported, continues through the years. The continual columnar flashing from various Andean peaks was again seen in 1950. According to the principle witness, this display grew in both frequency and intensity, and continued long after midnight Reports also indicate that the phenomenon is often directed toward the ocean, which lies to the west of the Cordillera Real.

On the island of Madeira (1954), several individuals observed a continuous flashing of brilliant white light from various mountain peaks. A low rumbling sound was heard. Not a cloud was in the sky. Undoubtedly, these Auroral-response phenomena require mountainous altitudes. In all likelihood, the mountain peaks serve as focusing conductors for the launching of these luminal discharges. Not all the discharges are strictly electrical in nature, a topic well discussed by Reichenbach, Tesla, Reich, and others.

The impulsive searchlight phenomena do, on occasion, resolve into more frightening dense charge manifestations. The clarity of visibility on Mont Blanc did not prevent the manifestation of stinging electrical discharges. While climbing on several ridges, climbers felt the stinging and burning effects of electrostatic charge. These crags were strongly charged with static electricity to the great consternation of the endangered climbers (1854).

These phenomena have neither been preceded or followed by winds, rain, or thunderstorm activity. These charge effects represent enormous volumes of power, lasting for many hours. Barring the Auroral induction mechanism, geophysicists have been at a loss to explain the actual supply of such discharge energies. Certain similar events, however, have been strongly correlated with distant Auroral induction effects (H. de Saussure, 1865).

Mountain climbers have regularly reported instances of "mountain bourdonnement", the "ringing resonance" of mountain rock under peculiar kinds of electrical stress. This "resonance" occurs when mountains become strangely and unexpectedly charged with enormous volumes of current, a probable piezoelectric phenomenon on a massive scale.

Other report tell of instances when electrostatic corona and accompanying lightning superbolts have trapped climbers in caves for hours on end. So great is the energetic expulsion during such events that significant anomalies are almost always reported. Thus, we find that strange electrifications persist while climbers are securely and deeply recessed within large mountain caverns, a violation of the Faraday Cage principle.

Auroral Impulse

Densified charge manifestations make their appearance with sudden and unexpected violence at times. From sizzling St. Elmo Fire phenomena, to ringing piezoelectric resonances, these focused mountain effects often become explosive displays. Qualified personnel have observed the explosive emergence of brilliant fireballs between mountain peaks in the Taurus Mountains (1900). Tall spark-like luminous columns were seen projecting upward from mineral rich desert lands (1971), a veritable host of displays revealing the Aurora as their probable activating agent (Corliss).

Geophysicists consider the manner in which neutral solar plasma densities are separated into separate charges at the earthly gates. Arriving as gusting neutral impulses, each blast of solar particles becomes hazardous only when encountering the geomagnetic field. With the geomagnetic field effecting its gradual sidethrust, the gusts become a veritable current of 300,000 Amperes, having pressures rated at some 200,000 Volts. Consider then the Aurora as a source of pulsating electrostatic induction to the earth below.

The easiest hydrodynamic path, that path which the Aurora would take if unimpeded by geomagnetism, literally passes in a straight line directly through the earth. It is only the geomagnetic field which prevents this pressured flow from achieving its natural objective. The geomagnetic field effectively prevents such a catastrophic possibility from becoming a regular feature of the environment. Perhaps the past aeons witnessed such staggering events. Despite the sidethrusting, by which the Megacurrents are diverted, the powerful Auroral voltages modify the underlying atmosphere.

The easily ionized atmospheric blanket is a scant hundred miles thick, and successive impulses erode a tunneling pathway toward the ground. Possessed of such continued electrostatic pressures, the Auroral columns ever penetrate into deeper atmospheric strata. European Aurora observers watched in amazement when long beams of detached white light sailed down from the sky toward earth (1882). Large parallel streaks of white light pulsed down from an Aurora in Michigan (1893).

We would expect the process by which the Aurora achieves its objective, that of passing literally through the earth, to produce successive kinds of observable phenomena. It is the peculiar feature [13] of long-heralded Auroral observations which contributes to our appreciation of our proposed model. The process by which the atmosphere is eroded is gradual, sometimes failing to achieve the objective altogether. In its natural expression, the process is entirely dependent on the solar pressure source. Tunneling a conductive pathway to the ground requires that any Auroral event be possessed of special natural attributes.

Each phase of the Auroral penetration would extend its source pressures to deeper atmospheric strata, an erosion process which would necessarily manifest in a phenomenon sequence. After this sequence has been completed, the Aurora eventually reaches the ground. It thereafter forces its Gigawatt currents through the ground, wreaking hideous effects on the environment. When such natural events occur, it remains for natural instabilities to terminate the otherwise ever-growing flow.

Thus, when Aurora impulses strike the atmosphere with consistent rapidity, the Aurora can — and does — reach the ground. Before it does, however, there are sequences of phenomena which we should expect to observe. The following accounts describe somewhat of the more overt and observable phenomena in the progressive sequence of Auroral grounding.

Descending Columns

So long doubting that the Aurora could descend from the celestial vaults, or rise in consequence of those sky-sourced thrusts, scientific observers were not believed by their European colleagues. Followed only after the skeptical prejudices were melted away by the overwhelming number of personal observations — some involving the very skeptics themselves — certain researchers began understanding the conditions which precipitate such Auroral grounding events. These phenomena can be comprehended only by accepting well-supported observations, evidence that the very strongest of natural Auroral pulsations can reach below certain altitudes.

Auroral "meteors" represent occasions when Auroral intensities reach such potentials that they are able to burst through the atmosphere and reach to the ground. Observers who have witnessed these strange events are literally observing the process by which Auroral currents initiate ground contact. The inductive mechanism involves consistently forceful Auroral surges of certain intensity.

A variety of tunneling ionizations brings the full force down. In this capacity, Auroral dynamics match those seen in thunderstorms, where stepped charge leaders descend, and positive streamers rise to meet them.

Even as lightning bolts seek from their enormous pillars, proximity with the highest elevations affords groundward Auroral streamers the very same grounding potential. But such elevations are not always required. When the downward Auroral thrusts are excessively strong and constant in force, the very same luminal displays manifest themselves.

We should expect streamers of certain polarity to rise up from the ground in response to powerfully downward Auroral pulsations. Indeed, this manifestation has been repetitiously observed on numerous occasions. Blue Auroral streaks were seen traveling directly from the ground toward the sky in Norfolk, England (1875).

Auroral Fogs

The previous events describe the process of Auroral connection with the earth — that which is fulfilled when the Aurora actually makes flowing ground contact. Several astounding observations describe further such stages in the process of columnar Auroral connection to ground.

Auroral fogs precede the formation of Auroral discharge arcs into the ground. Auroral fogs reached to the ground in Italy, producing a luminosity so bright that t.he divisions of a watch face could clearly be read (1831). Several discrete columns of luminous fog passed closed to a ship which sailed near the Arctic Sea, the luminous columns of fog reaching sea level from the sky (1878). In each of these instances, we observe the kind of tunneling phenomena which bring sufficient Auroral energies down to ground level where discharges can occur.

The occasion of a powerful ground-touching Auroral Arch actually illuminated the Colorado countryside (1890). Observers, who happened to be riding on a train, believed the prairie was on fire, for the whole region was covered in a strong luminous mist. The entire train was filled with passengers and railroad employees, who beheld the spectacle with awe.

After the initial appearance of Auroral fog, a spreading curtain of light is proliferated. This spreading curtain is one which, in every aspect, behaves exactly as do Auroral curtains when seen in the sky. Such Auroral curtains touch ground with greater natural regularity than most imagine. A great many professional persons, of gifted observational skills, have chanced to experience the rare effects of terrestrial electricity and hazardous, "close Auroral encounters". The supposed "geomagnetic pulses" which are claimed by some as the causative agencies behind UFO encounters do not in fact occur with sufficient frequency to be plausible (Persinger). More likely however is the notion that groundward Auroral discharges are responsible for the electrocutions and neural overloads which produce some "abduction events".

In New York State an Aurora touched down "not thirty rods from us,  . . . as a curtain of Auroral light passing through the valley." The stated height from the ground was some 30 feet (1852). Shooting streamers and rocket-like branches reached out of this ground shimmering curtain. These projective emanations repeatedly discharged toward the ground in a shower of pulsating streams. The observer stated that "it was the most splendid sight I ever beheld".

In one frightful account, several observers told of the "electrical sensation" produced by a low level flickering Aurora (1883). Yet another party of scientific observers once noted the powerful induction effects of an unusually brilliant Auroral streamer which struck ground all around them. On the Yukon River, an astounded witness saw an Auroral arch come "right over the water's edge" (1906). In Hartford, a university student walked through an Auroral fog, which seemed to be pierced by periodic flashing beams of light (1908). A team of government radio station operators were suddenly enveloped in a bright fog-like substance. Their hands, extended into this surrounding curtain, "became colored by a kaleidoscopic light". It was "impossible to feel this current" (1917).

A radio engineer in the Northwest Territory told how he, along with several others, saw an Auroral curtain come down to within four feet of the ground. It was a pale green curtain into which he actually walked (1925).

[14]

In Abisco, Sweden, an observer reported an Auroral streamer which came "below a completely cloudy sky" (1929).

In Colorado (1930), an observer reported a ground-contacting Auroral curtain, composed of "innumerable threads". The curtain happened to he flowing directly into a noted silver lode.

In another case, an individual saw the Aurora playing among poplar trees, flimmering along the ground. He ran out into the display, the Auroral lights "playing all around me . . . with a sound not unlike rustling silk". The whole surrounding area "was sparkling" (1933).

The individual spoke very candidly about his potentially fatal experience.

Auroral Sensations

Dangerous proximity to the ground discharging Aurora has produced notable sensations in its observers. These accounts are frightening because of the potential lethality which could result with continued exertions of Auroral down-thrusting. There are a great number of chilling personal accounts where Aurora-generated sensations suffused the witnesses.

Especially noteworthy are those several occasions when the odor of the Aurora has been reported. Auroral odors were detected in London during a particularly strong period of Auroral activity (1726). The odor was detected amidst the bright spreading glow of an Auroral fog. The odor of the Aurora has been a familiar attribute of "sheet Aurora" phenomena in the Active Zones of Canada, Scotland, Sweden, and Siberia.

In northernmost Faroe and Shetland, where the Aurora is often seen not more than 40 or 50 feet from the ground, its sound is not only heard, but its strong odor is detected (1824). The reported odor was "not unlike that produced by a powerful electrostatic machine". Especially rare because of their extreme distance from the Active Auroral Zone, "shooting Auroral sheets which went to the horizon" were reported by several persons in New Jersey, along with the accompanying "strong sensation" of the Auroral odor (1941). These latter incidents are not rare, and may together constitute yet another instance of direct neurostimulation. The close proximity of Auroral energy with the ground represents an essential terror for those who can conceive of the mammoth power contained in such a manifestation.

Auroral incursions toward earth produce phenomena which are completely anomalous, especially when viewed from an electrodynamic viewpoint. In Northern Ireland, a chemist examined several platinocyanide solutions which had suddenly become intensely fluorescent in a darkened laboratory. An Auroral storm was found to have been literally "playing all around the building" (1858). The permeation of extremely fine radiant matter, bombarding the laboratory walls through the Aurora, is especially evident in this account The passage of a neutral, sub-electronic medium directly through the stonework of laboratory ceilings and walls indicates that there is more to the Aurora than electrical charge. But discussion of this, however wondrous, constitutes a digression more thematically inclined toward researchers such as Tesla, Le Bon, Moray, and Farnsworth.

Walking Auroras

Scientific observation has reported the regularity of Auroral discharges to the ground directly. We must consider the total power realistically conveyed to earth when the Aurora has successfully passed through the stage when luminous fogs have been sighted. When the Aurora has sufficiently forged itself a pathway to the very ground, the Auroral fog becomes a. current. Then, it is, that the faint fluctuations become powerful and deadly electrical surges.

Groundward discharge occurs suddenly, after a sufficiently luminous column has been extended down toward the ground. This process occurs exclusively within the Active Zone. The Aurora reaches down toward the ground by an avalanche mechanism.

Indeed, Auroral surges have historically resulted in unexpected groundward lightning strokes. The nature of the lightning in these sudden discharges is completely different from normal storm lightning strokes, carrying unbelievable volumes of energy to the earth from space.

There are notable numbers of such discharge incidents through-out the scientific literature. There are reports of "sheet lightning from low altitude luminous Auroral masses" (1821), "heavy thunder storms, with an overlying Auroral glow" (1883), "horizontal flashes of lightning followed by an Aurora" (1888), "spectacular Auroras followed by a violent thunderstorm" (1915), "Aurora followed by intense lightning, with flashes arcing through the zenith . . . more Auroral activity after thunderstorm" (1952).

Auroral lightning strokes are the strong precursors to Auroral contact with ground. When such lightning surges have achieved their work, the Aurora itself begins flowing freely into the ground. Those who have risked extreme danger by walking into Auroral curtains may have barely escaped the horrifying "backward bending death", mentioned by the Gwichin elders. Those who foolishly enter such intense streams are electrified by a power which exceeds that of ordinary lightning in several fundamental aspects. The Auroral energy is stupendous in scope, far exceeding any discharge of lightning. Once the groundward channel is strengthened beyond the destabilizing disturbances of local weather patterns, then the Auroral downthrusts bring the whole sum of incoming energy directly into the ground.

Instances where the Aurora brings death by electrocution occurs, in all likelihood, when Auroral penetration of the atmosphere is sufficiently powerful to induce and attract the equally potent telluric currents. When the Aurora has raised an oppositely charged streamer from the ground, deadly hazard is imminent. But none have considered the actual power overflow which such a ground-flowing Aurora would bring to earth.

Karl Selim Lemström

"The trembling frozen rose, enrapt in snow
fixed in those floral prisons, bound in earth,
with lonely longing stare, aghast, unmoved,
stands vigil in the night, to watch her careless mirth."

Numerous theories on the exact nature of the Aurora preceded the development of Auroral accumulators. Halley believed them to be composed of "effluvia of a very subtle nature", an aphorism for "aether" (1716). Dalton believed that the Aurora was ferruginous in nature (1793). Jean de Mairan proposed the most notable early theory, proposing that the sun ejected particles of its own [15] atmosphere toward earth. Being self-luminous, de Mairan also asserted that the luminous vapor flowed toward ground through the poles — a remarkable advancement in thought.

Franklin believed the Aurora to a result of highly charged poleward winds (1779). The high stratospheric charge-laden winds then supposedly entered the dense, frigid cold atmosphere of the polar regions. There descending, an excess of charge flowed in great concentrations through the cold, moistureless air. This was then thought capable of producing down-flowing luminous electrical discharges.

Others proposed variations of these latter two theories, finding certain validation in the innumerable electrostatic experiments of the day. Throughout the latter part of the Eighteenth Century, experimenters found that evacuated glass tubes produced glimmering ribbons of pale violet-red, and greenish-blue light. It was not then difficult to construct a purely mechanistic model of Auroral Phenomena.

With increased observation of the mystifying magnetic attributes of Auroral Light, many, along with Msr. de Mairan, questioned whether or not the Aurora was a special and distinct energy form. Baron Karl Reichenbach believed the Aurora represented a multicolored flow of luminous aetheric energy, which he termed "Odyllic Current". Proof of his convictions came through personal observation, especially of strong magnets in highly evacuated containers. With the eyes properly prepared in absolute darkness, scientific observers could plainly see the large and flowing colors which, despite their enclosure in thick glass bell jars, projected forth from the magnetic poles to fill the room. This biodynamic proof was also thoroughly rejected by the mechanists, who began looking to geomagnetism for the luminal source of Auroral energy.

Discussion on the exact nature of the Auroral currents brought forth a series of truly bizarre and awe-inspiring experiments.

Dr. Karl Selim Lemström, a geophysicist who had become fascinated with the Aurora, began correlating each of the growing numbers of Auroral phenomena. In particular, Dr. Lemström was enthralled with those accounts which gave evidence of real ground walking Auroral encounters. By 1874, he was able to publish his "Observations Upon the Electricity of The Atmosphere and The Aurora Borealis", a research treatise which should have made technological history. Only one or two chosen individuals had the insight to recognize Dr. Lemström's implications.

In keeping with the views of Reichenbach, his theoretical consideration was that Auroral energies were the result of geomagnetic projections. In order to prove his theory, Dr. Lemström boxed several tons of electrical equipment, and headed for the high hills of Lapland. Starting in Helsinki, and traveling the difficult route to Sodankyla, Dr. Lemström constructed his famed utströmnings (discharge) apparat, a pancake spiral coil of immense dimensions. A small mountain was chosen for the experiment. Wrapped on telegraph poles was the large spiral, made of several hundred meters of copper wire. Each supporting pole was studded with a large, pointed iron spike. The thick braided cable lead line was drawn off to the bottom of the hill, connected to a large metallic disc, and buried.

On December 22, 1882, Dr. Lemström succeeded in producing an Auroral searchlight, one whose visible corona extended upward from the spiral apparatus for hundreds of feet. The tremendous upward discharge occurred when an Auroral Streamer surged down from overhead. As long as the overhead activity continued, the upwelling searchlight discharge continued. Completely enthralled by the long-lasting artificial Aurora, Dr. Lemström analyzed the glowing light with a spectroscope, later declaring it identical to natural Auroral light. In this first moment of technological triumph, the simple geophysically coupled apparatus produced the first man-made Aurora. This passive apparatus was the world's first Auroral Accumulator, a means by which the sizzling of millions of electrical watts could be both seen and heard.

In 1884, the French researcher C. Vassenat sought to outdo Dr. Lemström, and erected a much larger accumulator. Lacking both the focusing power and the proper capacity of the original design, this large accumulator produced no Auroral Searchlight What this Auroral Accumulator succeeded in producing was a stream of violent and large electrical discharges, a steady Megawatt supply which burned the researchers, and destroyed several pieces of scientific equipment.

These pivotal experiments proved it possible to derive vast quantities of electrical energy directly from the Auroral process. They were the probable inspiration for much of what Nikola Tesla later sought in his large scale tests with space energies. The Experimental Station of Nikola Tesla in Colorado (1899) is the result of applications most likely learned through these first experimental exposures to Auroral Power. The vast and critical difference between what Tesla did with the Lemström spiral accumulator experiment was that Tesla was stimulating a very special light-like current which was non-electric.

While all the previous experiments were passive systems, limited to a passive process of absorption, Tesla applied electrical power to his large spirals. In this vein, Tesla was the very first to stimulate an aerial capacity with a highly active impulse of specific duration. His [16] experiments proved the ability of an activated system to stimulate Aurora-like streamers at much greater distances from the Active Auroral Zone. With this apparatus he was incidentally able to produce the flame-like discharges and variable colorful flashes which characterize the Auroral streams, a phenomenon successfully reproduced by no experimenter except Eric Dollard.

Although requiring far more activating equipment than that of Dr. Lemström, the geophysically coupled demonstration of Tesla in Colorado Springs made it possible to derive continuously powerful Aurora-like energies from outer space at any location below the Active Zone. Dr. Lemström showed the possibility of drawing Auroral energy down through passive systems. His apparatus did not produce consistent available outputs of the energy, a frustrating attribute. Dr. Tesla showed the active means by which energies which produce the Auroras could be drawn in from outer space at latitudes very distant from the Active Zone. These large-scale effects have not been duplicated. However, there have been strange effects produced by shortwave transmitters which have accidentally stimulated certain Auroral dynamics, effects which produced anomalous surges of tremendous power . . . "from space".

Jet Modulator

Certain poleward VLF stations were known to often display peculiar modulation phenomena. One such fascinating phenomenon is routinely observed between the magnetic poles themselves, where VLF signals in Siple Station, Antarctica, create strong audio disturbances at Roberval, Quebec (Brett). How indeed do these bizarre and unexpected modulations occur?

The Auroral Electrojets are hypersonic plasmas which continually travel around the geomagnetic poles. The circumference and distribution of each Electrojet defines the Auroral Active Zone, that region of earth directly beneath the overhead dynamic. During solar peak emissions, the Northern Auroral Electrojet represents a current of well over 300,000 Amperes at a charging potential of 200,000 Volts. The potential power of the Auroral ring current is thus some 60 Gigawatts!

Certain VLF transmissions are able to modulate the Electrojet current. Well within the Active Zone, and conjugately related along similar lines of polar latitude, properly oriented VLF powerline aerials can literally drive waves through the Electrojet current. Using it as a conductor of radio signals has a rich historical bibliography and astounding implications. Applications of radio frequency alternations to the overhead Electrojet causes a powerful "clustering action" to take place in the energetic plasma medium. The artificially induced clusters stimulate the powerful production of waves. These plasma waves resonantly travel throughout the Electrojet, where they are stored for a time.

Short Wave operators observed the periodic "swinging" and "deep fading" of strong high frequency radio signals at poleward latitudes. The swinging occurred when very powerful commercial HF carriers were modulated by much smaller local HF transmitters. Later investigation proved that these stations were conjugately aligned along the Active Auroral Zone. In fact, SW radio modulation phenomena are completely reliant on the fluidic nature of Auroral Electrojet currents for their effect.

While similar phenomena have been observed along other orientations, especially near the Equator, this modulation effect occurs with the greatest power in the extreme northern or southern latitudes. Because of Active Auroral "immersion", small HF radio stations have accidentally modulated the transmissions of much larger HF stations at great distances. In some cases, small transmitters have literally used the carriers of the much stronger transmitters to carry their weak signals around the globe! Conduction on a ribbon of plasma current — a wonder of natural behaviors in the Auroral Active Zone.

Widely spaced along the same latitude lines, and well inside the Active Zone, two different radio transmitters will therefore interact in a parasitic modulating manner. The large station provides the clustering action, which leads to plasma wave resonance in the Aurora. The smaller transmitter, usually never heard beyond a few miles distance, impresses its faint modulations upon this enormous current. As a result, one hears the weak signals, superimposed upon the stronger station signal.

Large transmitters can produce deep clustering action in the Electrojet, while small transmitters can modulate the powerful currents in opportunistic manner. Through ionospheric or geomagnetic channels, the highly mobile Auroral Electrojet can fluidically carry very weak impressions throughout t he terrestrial matrix. The modulation of powerful radio signals, by small near-polar transmitters, reveals the Aurora as more than a dynamic energy transfer medium.

Amplifier

It was also known that applied signals of certain frequency were mysteriously strengthened by an unknown, external energy source. These amplifications always occurred when VLF transmissions were "immersed" in Auroral activity, and only observed along conjugate transmission paths in the Auroral Active Zone. Clustered plasma waves, by continual modulation, become large-scale plasmic deformations. These deformations can do more than simply transfer powerful wave energy around the fluidic medium of the Aurora. Such plasma waves in the fluidic Electrojet gain strength with continued such artificial modulation.

Successions of the resultant plasma waves produce a series of significant deformations in the Electrojet. With critical frequencies and continued carrier modulation these deformations grow beyond the boundaries of the Electrojet itself. When the wave boundaries exceed the Electrojet periphery, pulse effects reach out along the incoming solar plasma. This process can be used to produce more power out than is actually applied in the artificial modulation process. But what volume of power is thus obtained?

When stored Auroral deformations reach this stage in the growth process of Electrojet waves, a sudden frightful "amplification factor" appears, an explosive power "jump" on an unheard of scale. This is precisely the effect that some operators observed with VLF transmitters. But VLF energy is not the only source of Electrojet pumping modalities capable of achieving these effects. Shortwave energy (HF) can perform the very same effects, with far less size and input power.

It is known that, once critical wave thresholds have been reached, one can achieve such plasma amplitudes, that once the literal modification of incoming solar flux is engaged, the overflow of solar plasma streams toward earth. This is no ordinary modulation phenomenon, and has several critical requirements both for initiation [17] and management of the process. Those thresholds which enable "Electrojet Pumping" are reached with specific resonant frequency and transmitter intensities.

Once the deformations are excessive, the fluid medium of the Electrojet spills over, and pushes earthward with stupendous electrostatic pressures. With each successive wave, this enormous over-spilling reservoir provides an avalanche of electrical Gigawatts. The artificial production of critical wave amplitudes opens rarely unlocked power potentials. The perfection of Aerial Accumulator Technology is found in these dynamic activators.

Induction

"The glass prevents the prayerful longing reach,
black midnight, unwinds the frigid endless wheel.
Whilst dreamers and their dreams transgress,
and groan . . . to reach and hold,
and sweep her down to earth in chains of steel."

Small HF radio transmitters have, on rare occasions, managed to pump the Electrojet. An incredible incident occurred in Norwood, Ontario, during the winter of 1929. Clarified reception through a large indoor radio receiver was suddenly and abruptly quenched. Though the tubes were glowing brightly, and the aerial and ground secure, reception on all channels very suddenly "went dead". The gentleman went to a window in order to inspect his aerial, and noticed that a bright Aurora was in progress. Thinking that this activity was the cause of his reception problems, he went outside to observe the Aurora. Looking about himself in sudden shock, the gentleman quickly realized that a brilliant Auroral streamer had completely enveloped his aerial and house.

Though maintaining a distance of several feet from the house walls, the streamer became a veritable curtain. The brilliant multi-colored display shimmered with pulsating change, its scintillating appearance continually "snapping", continually and visibly sparking to ground. The weak and insignificant receiving oscillator, acting in the dual function of both stimulating transmitter and resonant absorber, had successfully drawn an Auroral streamer down to ground (Corliss).

The source of his radio "disturbance" having thus been found, the gentleman stood enthralled for a long time near the shimmering curtain. Completely astounded at the entire display, he neglected the advice of intuition, which often severely informs of possible extreme personal danger. He should have fled the area immediately, and narrowly risked being among those whom the ground walking Aurora incinerates. But this leads us to the next part of our discussion on Active Aerial Accumulators. How must one prepare for the unimaginable downdraft of Electrojet energy?

Power Management

The enormous resultant pumping action which can occur requires a means by which conductive "contact" is made. This means that a literal conduction path must somehow be tunneled from the Auroral Electrojet toward the grounded Transmitter. This is a fearful prospect requiring greatest care. One does not easily or carelessly mishandle celestial fire without great risk.

To understand the dynamics of this possibility, we must examine some of the stages engaged by artificial Auroral evocations. Once a significant deformation in the Auroral Electrojet has been stimulated, the very pressure of the oncoming solar wind exaggerates the deformation. This swollen neutral solar wind enters the geomagnetic field structure, and is processed and separated into opposed charge flows. It is here that the larger electrical particles (electrons and protons) are effectively separated by opposed magnetic sidethrusts. The resultant unified current, which is a procession of protons and electrons which circulate in opposite directions, is the Auroral Electrojet.

But the deformation which a grounded transmitter can evoke is so resonantly absorptive that solar wind pressure is drawn down in a continual flood. This forces the solar wind, as it is more forcibly and artificially drawn through the geomagnetic field, to now separate into a much greater current. This is the amplification power.

Contact

Once the conditions have produced the exaggerated plasma deformations in the Electrojet, a strong pressure effect will propel charges deeper into the dense portions of the atmosphere. The engineering question becomes one of access: how do we make contact with such currents from earth? We must examine the height from which these currents are to flow down toward earth.

We see that the lowest Auroral Stratum lies somewhere within a 45 kilometer average. Considering the currents which are involved and the means by which we hope to harness such energy, this is a reasonably low separation from sea level. Careful study of work done by Nikola Tesla should further elucidate on the conductivity of the atmosphere under the inductive impact of cyclical electrostatic exertions. While utilizing the more neutral particles of the solar plasma, recall that Tesla achieved potent results.

We have established that Electrojet clusters can be distorted to the point of spilling over. The mere presence of a resonantly entuned receiver can create such a powerful energy through that over-abundant Electrojet wave energy will begin to pour toward the ground site and into the tuning components. This is exactly what occurred in the Canadian account with an ordinary receiver. Provided the wave energy has been naturally or artificially primed, Auroral Streamers can forcibly be drawn down to a resonantly entuned site.

Enormous pressure drives the plasma wave clusters down to lower altitudes. If a significant succession of these is applied to the Auroral ring current, then energetic streaming toward the ground will continue. Absorbing incoming energy, and pressured by [18] momentum from the solar wind, these unraveling waves feel an enormous exertion which drives them groundward. If each radio pulse draws the electrojet down in successions, and if the "pull" frequency is timed just right, then the Auroral current will begin flowing groundward.

In their rapid orbit about the geomagnetic pole, the deformations fall into a literal cyclonic stream toward the transmitter. The entire process is a massive MHD phenomenon, and is one in which cyclical radio energy forces a steady leakage from a height above 45 kilometers. The distant arriving solar wind then "blows through" this leakage zone, separates through the geomagnetic field, and spirals toward the lower atmosphere.

The inability of the underlying atmosphere to sustain these increased charge impacts produces an artificial Auroral Streamer. Substantially immersed in the effect of an Auroral current, an insignificant current can grow to very large and very influential proportions. The stimulating signal does not have to be strong at all in order to attract an Auroral avalanche to the ground. When successfully captured, the stream provides an endless and incalculable current to ground.

When sufficient deformations are applied with periodicity, Auroral streamers can touch ground. Once flowing "contact" is made, once charges begin streaming down from the Auroral ring current, the transmitter site becomes the recipient of an avalanche phenomenon growing in magnitude beyond imaginable bounds. Thus it is through the smallest of stimulations that tremendous power can be obtained. The limitless and eternal radiant energy of the sun is harnessed during night as well as day.

This requires a massive accumulator of tremendous absorptive capacity. In order to appropriate the incoming Auroral energy, one needs a VERY LARGE absorber. Preparation for this flowing charge requires a substantially large metallic capacity terminal. A blanket of braided copper cable would be the best, simple means for spreading out the enormous incoming charge. Such a broad capacity structure would also prevent the frightening devastation of an Auroral Discharge to ground.

Toward the goal of preventing such a mishap, safety measures are numerous. The first, and most obvious control of hazardous discharge phenomena has to do with managing transmitter frequency and output. We may envision the entire device to be a very large, highly separated triode "valve". In the analogy, the HF radio transmitter acts as both the controlling grid and resonant structure. This may be established through an immense screen of highly insulated conductive material. Having a large surface area, this absorptive structure would also necessarily have some dimension of volume and strength. The incoming charge st:reams are immense in potential. The transmitter creates the "hole" or "sink", into which plasma waves will enter. The frequencies critical to this production lie in several radio bands, and are best absorbed by Tesla impulse methods, not by conventional sinusoidal radio energy.

The Aurora itself serves as the analogous cathode, the absorptive copper screen is the anode plate. With proper control at the transmitter site, Auroral Power allows down into the screen. From there, it must be used as quickly as it is obtained. Thereafter, the linking of the Auroral Accumulator to the regional electric grid systems resolves itself into a straightforward engineering problem.

Powerpoint

In the late Nineteenth Century, some visionaries believed it possible to derive enormous energies directly from the Auroral Electrojet. Among the most overtly obvious contemporary designs for an Auroral Power Accumulator is HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project). The "Ionospheric Research Instrument" itself has not yet been completed on the Alaskan North Slope near Gakona. Its developmental prototype, the DP has been in operation for some time. The DP, as presently established, consists of a primary HF transmitter field, an assemblage of HF antennas, and a host of sophisticated diagnostic equipment.

While HAARP is a project whose Staff and Advisement Council have been determined by Phillips Laboratories (Air Force) and the NRL directly, it is not owned and funded by those groups. In addition, while Raytheon allocates the Project, it did not initiate the Program. In this we perceive the blind alleys and typical convolutions which powerful geopolitical agencies have predetermined. Supplied by the abundant bibliographies at our disposal, and with a "spark of intuition", we can safely project the pyramidal models, geopolitical strategies, and scenarios which precipitated HAARP.

A distinct variety of resonant technique is being developed in Gakona. The DP utilizes a circularly polarized beam, the result of whole array phase shitting. The DP is designed to induce rhythmic HF pulsations of circular polarization in the Auroral Electrojet. The DP applies this energy to a large section of Aurora. If the rotations are timed properly then swirling energy reaches the Auroral ring, bunching highly mobile solar electrons. Auroral charge bunching is [19] consistently concentrated and deformed toward the ground site. Timed pulsations in the station maintain the resonant downdraft of charge, a steady staggering supply.

Successions of ever increasing deformations produce cyclonic spiraling of Auroral charge toward ground. Auroral streamers begin reaching the station within a specified time, Auroral Columns following.

The DP is equipped with a cross-hatched grid of very heavy gauge copper cable, perhaps one inch in thickness. Wired and welded together. The large receiving area spreads out the incoming power. Downflowing electrical energy is safely absorbed in this highly conductive screen. Once the energetic ion flow has been secured, it can be modulated to the need of any load. The transmitters offer moderation, control over this groundward ion stream.

Sixty Gigawatts of natural, non-polluting energy at no cost for those who own the system. And this could be tapped from a single large terminal base. Several such stations would vastly amplify the amount of induction energy. Pulsations of power derived directly from the Aurora. If it were possible to handle such an output of energy, whole regions could be supplied with electricity for centuries. Once the initial phases of such an experiential station have been assessed, then proper parameters can establish a first model commercial station.

SECRETS OF COLD WAR TECHNOLOGY: Project HAARP and Beyond

by Gerry Vassilatos

They may have dismantled HAARP, but the mysteries remain.

Does there exist now an amazing radiation technology far in advance of any system known? How did the progress of seventy years of Cold War military research, from Argus to Teak, succeed in producing a completely new and superior communications technology? The well guarded "open secrets" of the Cold War, even today, may surprise you.

This now classic text by Gerry Vassilatos is a full technical history of military research, showing the development of every relevant project preceding and exceeding HAARP, complete with communications and weapons patent citations. It is a book that will forever change your view of world history and cause you to reconsider what might still be hidden.

Available now through our online cart as a BSRF spiral-bound research edition.

References

1. Corliss, William R., Lightning, Auroras, Nocturnal Lights and Related Phenomena, Corliss Sourcebook Project, 1985. <http://amzn.to/OrUh12>
   — Unusual Natural Phenomena, Arlington House, New York, 1986.
2. Lemström, Dr. Selim, “Observations Upon the Electricity of The Atmosphere and The Aurora Borealis”, Smithsonian Institute Annual Report, 1874, p. 227-238, 1875. <http://books.google.com/books?id=jDZBmgEACAAJ>
   — “Artificial Aurorae”, Symon’s Monthly Meteorological Magazine, 18:33, 1883.
   — “An Artificial Aurora”, Symon’s Monthly Meteorological Magazine, 18:51, 1883.
   — “Artificially Induced Auroras”, Science 4: p. 465, 1884.
3. Savage, Candace, Aurora: Mysterious Northern Lights, Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, 1994. <http://amzn.to/QxbfeA>
4. Vassilatos, Gerry, "Vril Compendium, Vol. 7", Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, 1992. [All selections on Lightning Rods, Aerial Accumulators, and Telluric Currents].